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Misc. Immune Responses | Adaptive Immune System  
 
Innate Immune System
⌊ DAMPs
⌊ PAMPs
Immune Organ System
⌊ Lymphoid System
⌊ Complement System
⌊ Digestive Immune System
⌊ Adaptive Immune System
⌊ Leukocytes
⌊ Immune Responses
⌊ Bone Marrow
⌊ Antibody-Producing Cells & Antibodies
⌊ Reticuloendothelial System (Mononuclear Phagocyte System)
⌊ Antigens & Antigen-Presenting Cells
⌊ Immunological Danger Theories
⌊ Immunonutrition (Nutritional Immunology)
⌊ Immunities
⌊ Thymus Gland
⌊ Transfer Factors
See Also ↔
 
 
See Also ↔
 
 

Innate Immune System

 
“Innate Immune System (Non-Specific Immune System)”  
Pathogen Entrance

Innate Immune System

    In our body, the Innate Immune System is the first-line defense from microbes by producing an initial, immediate response against infections for the dendritic cells, macrophages, epithelial cells and others.
    The Innate Immune System comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend our body (host) from infection by other organisms, in a non-specific manner.

In our body, the early response to infection is the responsibility of the Innate Immune System, which exhibits a broad specificity to a wide array of germline-encoded Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) through different Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs) (aka Pattern Recognition Receptors).
    In our body, as a pathogen enters and infects our cells, the cells of Innate Immune System recognize the pathogens entrance, sensing the invaders Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP), and responds in a generic way without conferring long-lasting or protective immunity to our body. *

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“Innate Immune Response”  

Innate Immune System Response

    In our body, the Innate Immune System provides immediate Innate Immune Response against infections. The innate response to viruses is usually activated via one or more, of three general sensor pathways; Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), RIG-Like Receptors (RLRs), and NOD-Like Receptors (NLRs).
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“Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)”  
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“Damage Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules (DAMPs) ”  

Damage Associated Molecular Pattern Molecule (DAMP)

    In our body's Innate Immune System, Damage Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules (DAMPs) are derived molecules that can initiate and perpetuate immune response in the noninfectious inflammatory response.
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“Neutrophils (Neutrophil Granulocytes)”  
Neutrophil

Neutrophil Granulocytes

    In our body's blood, the granulocytes, Neutrophils (Neutrophil Granulocytes), also called Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils (PMNs), are highly motile phagocytic cells and the most abundant type of mature (developed) white blood cell (wbc) (aka leukocyte) normally found in the blood stream with a circulating lifespan of 5.4 days.
    In our body, the Neutrophils (Neutrophil Granulocytes) are an essential effector cells of the innate immune system, usually as first responders, that protect against dis-eases, and defend against microbial infections (bacterial & fungal) and other very small inflammatory processes by removing and destroying some types of bacteria, wastes, foreign substances, and other cells, accomplished by eating these substances.
    In our body, Neutrophil Granulocytes are phagocytic cells that constitute the innate immune system's first line of defense by phagocytosing, killing, and digesting bacteria and fungi, as an activity including the large numbers of cellular suicides that forms pus.
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“B Memory Cells”  
    In the body, B Memory Cells are long-lived B cells that are produced after an initial exposure to an Antigen and play an important role in secondary immunity.
    B Memory Cells remain in the body and facilitate a more rapid response should the Antigen be reencountered.
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References:

  Cucchiara S.   et al "Interactions between intestinal microbiota and innate immune system in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease"   J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012 Oct;46 Suppl:S64-6  
Abdul-Sater AA.   et al "Inflammasomes bridge signaling between pathogen identification and the immune response"   Drugs Today (Barc). 2009 Nov;45 Suppl B:105-12
  Schutte BC.   et al "Discovery of five conserved beta -defensin gene clusters using a computational search strategy"   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):2129-33  
  Martin SA.   et al "Exercise and respiratory tract viral infections"   Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2009 Oct;37(4):157-64  
Lotze MT.   et al "Damage associated molecular pattern molecules"   Clin Immunol. 2007 Jul;124(1):1-4
Abdul-Sater AA.   et al "Inflammasomes bridge signaling between pathogen identification and the immune response"   Drugs Today (Barc). 2009 Nov;45 Suppl B:105-12
Segal AW.   "How neutrophils kill microbes"   Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23:197-223
Pillay J.   et al "In vivo labeling with 2H2O reveals a human neutrophil lifespan of 5.4 days"   Blood. 2010 Jul 29;116(4):625-7
   †The statements on this Web site have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). And are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease. The information presented is not intended to replace medical advice or treatment from your own doctor or healthcare provider. Nothing presented here is intended as a substitute for prescription medication or any other medical treatment prescribed by your doctor.
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