“Non Genetic Code Standard Amino Acids”  

    Selenocysteine (Se-Cys) and pyrrolysine, are not are directly encoded by the universal genetic code, but are incorporated into proteins by unique synthetic mechanisms. Selenocysteine is incorporated when the mRNA being translated includes a SECIS element, which causes the UGA codon to encode selenocysteine instead of a stop codon.
    Pyrrolysine is used by some methanogenic archaea in enzymes that they use to produce methane. It is coded for with the codon UAG, which is normally a stop codon in other organisms.

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“Selenoproteins”  

Selenoprotein

    In protein science, a Selenoprotein is any protein that includes a selenocysteine (Se-Cys) amino acid residue.
    In our body, the selenium (Se) is a nutritional trace mineral essential for a wide range of roles in metabolism and oxidative stress defense and various health aspects. Selenium (Se) exerts its effects mainly through its incorporation into Selenoprotein as the amino acid, selenocysteine.

Twenty-five selenoprotein genes have been identified in humans and several selenoproteins are broadly classified as antioxidant enzymes.
    Examples of selenoproteins include:

• Selenoprotein P
• Selenoprotein W
• Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases

The genes in the selenoproteins gene group include:

• DIO1 gene, aka iodothyronine deiodinase 1
• DIO2 gene, aka iodothyronine deiodinase 2
• DIO2 gene, aka iodothyronine deiodinase 3
• MSRB1 Gene (SEPX1 gene), aka methionine sulfoxide reductase B1
• GPX1 gene, aka glutathione peroxidase 1
• GPX2 gene, aka glutathione peroxidase 2
• GPX3 gene, aka glutathione peroxidase 3
• GPX4 gene, aka glutathione peroxidase 4
• GPX6 gene, aka glutathione peroxidase 6
• SELENOF gene, aka selenoprotein F
• SELENOH gene, aka selenoprotein H
• SELENOI gene, aka selenoprotein I
• SELENOK gene, aka selenoprotein K
• SELENOM gene, aka selenoprotein M
• SELENON Gene (SEPN1 gene), aka selenoprotein N
• SELENOO gene, aka selenoprotein O
• SELENOP gene (SEPP1 gene), aka selenoprotein P
• SELENOS gene, aka selenoprotein S
• SELENOT gene, aka selenoprotein T
• SELENOV gene, aka selenoprotein V
• SELENOW Gene (SEPW1 gene), aka selenoprotein W
• SEPHS2 gene, aka selenophosphate synthetase 2
• TXNRD1 gene, aka thioredoxin reductase 1
• TXNRD2 gene, aka thioredoxin reductase 2
• TXNRD3 gene, aka thioredoxin reductase 3

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“Se-Methyl L-Selenocysteine”  

    In our body, Se-Methyl L-Selenocysteine (SeMC) is a naturally occurring seleno-amino acid that is synthesized by plants such as garlic and broccoli. SeMC is an organoselenium compound.
    Unlike selenomethionine, which is incorporated into proteins in place of methionine, SeMC is not incorporated into any proteins ... therefore, it is fully available for the synthesis of selenium-containing enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase.

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